Q 1. Write with examples, notes on the following terms

1. Permisive cell lines
2. Cytopathogenic effect
3. The difference/s between primary and continuous cell lines

(12 minutes)

Q2. Discuss how the presence of a virus growing in a permisive cell line may be demonstrated. Will cytopathogenic effect always be detected? If not, what procedures can be used to demonstrate viral presence?

(12 minutes)

Q3. Describe how the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can be used to differentiate bacterial species. Provide an example of such an application.

(12 minutes)

Q4. Describe a method for growing a virus in a cell line.

You can assume that the cell line is permisive for the particular virus and that cytopathogenic effect (CPE) is not detectable on the 1^stpassage, but is detectable in the 2^nd.

(12 minutes)

Q5. Describe the principles of the polymerase chain reaction.

In your answer you should mention the meaning of the term Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).

(12 minutes)