STA 2300 Data Analysis

STAFFING:

OTHER-REQUISITES:

RATIONALE:

Statistics are pervasive in work and life. They are the product of a society interested in understanding itself and the world in which it exists. To this end, data is being generated at an ever-accelerating rate. The collection and conversion of data into useful information is what the discipline of statistics is all about. Whether it is the planning and implementation of a survey to assess the market penetration of a new product, the design of an experiment to test the efficacy of a new drug, or the gathering together and summarizing of data provided by a government organization to support an argument, the discipline of statistics contributes is an essential way. It addresses questions such as how best to collect data, how much data to collect, how best to summarise and analyse data, and how to draw legitimate conclusions from data. Never before has some understanding of the discipline of statistics been so important to an educated person. Regardless of whether you ever need to initiate the collection or analysis of data in your future studies or future work, some understanding of statistical methods is highly desirable, if not essential, in being able to critically appraise the statistical methods employed by others in generated information of importance to you. This course endeavours to provide this understanding by covering basic statistical concepts and giving practice at some of the methods and skills necessary for students in business, commerce, psychology and the physical sciences to collect, appraise, present, analyse and interpret data. Because these concepts and methods are interdisciplinary in nature, students will encounter problems from many sources including their own area of interest. The statistical knowledge developed in this course form the basis for more advanced statistical methods and concepts in specialist fields and in other courses in several programmes at USQ, as well as being of interest in their own right in contributing towards our understanding of the knowledge society in which we live.

SYNOPSIS:

Students are introduced to the basic concepts involved in descriptive and inferential statistics. Topics include: methods of producing data and the impact and importance of randomness and randomisation in data generation; methods of summarising and displaying data in single and two-variable situations; modelling of data using the normal and binomial distributions; and analysis of data with a view to drawing reliable conclusions including specifically the use of hypothesis testing and confidence intervals in dealing with means and proportions, assessing associations and correlations and making predictions using simple regression. Emphasis is placed on understanding the basic concepts and principles of dealing with data. In particular, issues are covered relating to cause and effect; the nature of variability and the reliability of a sample in representing a population; the presentation of summarized data in tabular, graphical or descriptive form; the appropriate choice of parameter or parameters in meeting an objective of a study; the limitations and assumptions underpinning statistical techniques; the impact of sample size on inference; the appropriate use of language in interpreting an analysis; and the use of software in facilitating summary and analysis. The mathematical underpinning of the statistical methodologies used are not covered. Other statistics courses deal with these aspects.

OBJECTIVES:

On completion of this course students will be able to:

1. demonstrate an understanding of why and how statistics as a discipline contributes in essential ways to all other disciplines;
2. choose and apply appropriate graphical and numerical tools for organising, describing and displaying summarised data in single and two variable situations as appropriate for categorical and quantitative variables and their combinations;
3. demonstrate an awareness of the impact of lurking variables in making cause and effect conclusions and be able to critically appraise studies in this regard;
4. demonstrate an understanding of the distinction between and the major advantages and disadvantages of observational and experimental studies;
5. describe several commonly-used sampling designs for surveys and be aware of the major statistical issues relating to sample surveys;
6. demonstrate an awareness of the statistical principles of good experimentation;
7. recognise the impact of conditioning in determining proportions or probabilities;
8. model appropriate real-life situations using the normal and binomial models;
9. demonstrate an understanding of and quantify the impact of variability and sample size on the precision and reliability of commonly-used statistics in random sampling;
10. make the appropriate choice of parameter or parameters and choose the appropriate procedure to employ in a range of standard single-sample and two-sample analyses;
11. demonstrate an understanding of the impact of sample size on inference;
12. demonstrate an understanding of the construction, interpretation and usefulness of a confidence interval and its relationship to hypothesis testing;
13. demonstrate an understanding of the meaning of a P-value and be able to make appropriate use of it in stating a conclusion from a hypothesis test;
14. demonstrate an understanding of the distinction between statistical significance and practical significance;
15. demonstrate an understanding of the meanings of association and correlation and be able to assess their presence appropriately;
16. make use of simple regression as a means of estimating and predicting where applicable;
17. demonstrate an awareness that statistics is not an exact science and there is generally more than one way of appropriately summarising and analysing data;
18. demonstrate an awareness of the existence of parametric and nonparametric methods;
19. demonstrate an awareness that assumptions underpin all statistical analyses and be able to check where possible those assumptions in a range of standard analyses;
20. make appropriate use of a statistical computer package with regard to data entry, data summary, graphics generation, analysis and interpretation of analyses, as relevant to this course.

TOPICS:

TEXT and MATERIALS required to be PURCHASED or accessed:

ALL textbooks and materials are available for purchase from USQ BOOKSHOP (unless otherwise stated). Orders may be placed via secure internet, free fax 1800642453, phone 07 46312742 (within Australia), or mail. Overseas students should fax +61 7 46311743, or phone +61 7 46312742. For costs, further details, and internet ordering, use the 'Textbook Search' facility at http://bookshop.usq.edu.au click 'Semester', then enter your 'Course Code' (no spaces).

SPSS Student Version 11.0 (Version 10.0 or later is acceptable) for Windows, Prentice Hall. (Available separately or bundled with De Veaux & Velleman)

REFERENCE MATERIALS:

STUDENT WORKLOAD REQUIREMENTS:

ASSESSMENT DETAILS:

NOTES:

1.

Examination dates will be available during the semester. Please refer to the examination timetable when published.

IMPORTANT ASSESSMENT INFORMATION

1. Attendance requirements:
   It is the students' responsibility to attend and participate appropriately in all activities (such as lectures, tutorials, laboratories and practical work) scheduled for them, and to study all material provided to them or required to be accessed by them to maximise their chance of meeting the objectives of the course and to be informed of course-related activities and administration.
2. Requirements for students to complete each assessment item satisfactorily:
   To complete each of the assessment items satisfactorily, students must obtain at least 50% of the marks available for each assessment item.
3. Penalties for late submission of required work:
   If students submit assignments after the due date without prior approval then a penalty of 10% of the total marks gained by the student for the assignment will apply for each working day late.
4. Requirements for student to be awarded a passing grade in the course:
   To be assured of a passing grade, students must demonstrate, via the summative assessment items, that they have achieved the required minimum standards in relation to the objectives of the course by satisfactorily completing all summative assessment items (the examination and assignments).
5. Method used to combine assessment results to attain final grade:
   The final grades for students will be assigned on the basis of the aggregate of the weighted marks obtained for each of the summative assessment items in the course.
6. Examination information:
   The only materials that candidates may use in the restricted examination for this course are: writing materials (non-electronic and free from material which could give the student an unfair advantage in the examination); calculators which cannot hold textual information (students must indicate on their examination paper the make and model of any calculator(s) they use during the examination). Formula sheets will be provided by the Examiner with the examination paper. Students whose first language is not English, may, with the Examiner's approval, take an appropriate non- electronic translation dictionary into the examination. Students who wish to use a translation dictionary MUST request and receive written approval from the Examiner at least one week before the examination date. Translation dictionaries will be subject to perusal and may be removed from the candidate's possession until appropriate disciplinary action is completed if found to contain material that could give the candidate an unfair advantage.
7. Examination period when Deferred/Supplementary examinations will be held:
   Any Deferred or Supplementary examinations for this course will be held during the examination period at the end of the semester of the next offering of this course. Students who btain an overall passing mark, but who do not perform satisfactorily in the examination, may, at the discretion of the examiner, be granted a supplementary examination. Students will be granted a deferred examination only if they perform satisfactorily in the assignments.
8. University Regulations:
   Students should read USQ Regulations 5.1 Definitions, 5.6. Assessment, and 5.10 Academic Misconduct for further information and to avoid actions which might contravene University Regulations. These regulations can be found at the URL http://www.usq.edu.au/corporateservices/calendar/part5.htm or in the current USQ Handbook.

ASSESSMENT NOTES