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Harvard Style (AGPS) - Web sourcesInformation obtained from any source, including the Internet, is covered by copyright law. You must acknowledge any source that you refer to in your assignment, both within the text of your assignment, and at the end of it (by including a list of references). Referencing your sources also enables the reader to view your sources and follow your essay. This guide will show you how to cite electronic sources, such as journal and newspaper articles from the Internet or from an electronic database, electronic mail, Web pages, online images and electronic books. Harvard Referencing - A Brief Guide presents an overview in a short Breeze presentation. How to create a list of referencesAt the end of your assignment, create a list of the references you have cited in the text. Arrange this in alphabetical order of authors' surnames. The author's surname is placed first, followed by initials or first name, and then the year of publication is given. Where an item doesn't have an author arrange it by its title. The following examples show you how to include reference sources in your List of References. Journal articlesJournal article on the WWW Author Year, 'Article title', Journal Title, volume, issue, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>. Example: Griffith, AI 1995, 'Coordinating family and school: mothering for schooling', Education Policy Analysis Archives, vol. 3, no. 1, viewed 12 February 1997, <http://olam.ed.asu.edu/epaa/>. Full-text journal article in electronic database Author Year, 'Article title', Journal Title, volume, issue, paging (if given), viewed Day Month Year, Name of database service, Name of database, item number (if given). Examples: Rasid, ZM & Parish, TS 1998, 'The effects of two types of relaxation training on students' levels of anxiety', Adolescence, vol. 33, no. 129, p. 99, viewed 23 September 2007, EBSCOhost MegaFILE Premier, Academic Search Premier, item: AN589758. The Joanna Briggs Institute 2008, 'Management of constipation in older adults', Best Practice: Evidence Based Information Sheets for Health Professionals, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1-4, viewed 16 July 2008, JBI COnNECT, JBI Database of Best Practice Information Sheets, item: BP1138. Gotzshe, PC & Johansen, HK 2008, 'House dust mite control measures for asthma', Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2008, no. 2, viewed 15 July 2008, The Cochrane Library, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, item: CD001187. Example: no author Economist 2008, 'Charging ahead', vol. 387, no. 8594, p. 58, viewed 16 September 2008, EBSCOhost MegaFile Premier, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, item: 34003939. Newspaper articlesNewspaper article on the WWW Author Year, 'Article title', Newspaper Title, Day Month, page number (if given), viewed Day Month Year, <URL>. Example: Cleary, P & Lewis, S 2001, 'It's the end of a long boom', The Australian Financial Review, 8 March, viewed 8 March 2001, <http://afr.com/australia/2001/03/08/FFXIM9PU0KC.html>. Newspaper article in an electronic database Author Year, 'Article title', Newspaper Title, Day Month, page number (if given), viewed Day Month Year, Name of database service, Name of database, item number (if given). Example: Pianin, E 2001, 'As coal's fortunes climb, mountains tremble in W.Va; energy policy is transforming lives', The Washington Post, 25 February, p. A03, viewed 8 March 2001, Electric Library Australasia. Example: no author Gold Coast Bulletin 2007, 'Democrats vow to fight Bush', 19 February, p. 12, viewed 16 September 2008, EBSCOhost MegaFILE Premier, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, item: 20070219B012313637. World Wide WebWeb document Author/editor or compiler Year of the most recent version, Title, version number (if applicable), description of document (if applicable), name and place of the sponsor of the source, viewed Day Month Year, <URL either full location details or just the main site details>. Examples: Anderson, J (Minister for Transport and Regional Services) 2000, CASA approves avgas contamination test, media release, 23 January, Department of Transport and Regional Services,Canberra, viewed 7 February 2000, <http://www.dotrs.gov.au/media/anders/archive/2000/jan_00/al6_2000.htm>. AWB Limited 2006a, AWB and the single desk, AWB Limited, Melbourne, Victoria, viewed 1 June 2006, <http://www.awb.com.au/aboutawb/factsandindustryinformation/ ------- 2006b, Inquiry into the United Nations Oil-for-Food Program - statement from the Board of AWB Limited, AWB Limited, Melbourne, Victoria, viewed 1 June 2006, Florek, S 2003, Megafauna extinction: patterns of extinction, fact sheet, Australian Museum, Sydney, viewed 14 June 2008, <http://www.austmus.gov.au/factsheets/megafauna.htm>. Web document (no author) Title Year, version number (if applicable), description of document (if applicable), name and place of the sponsor of the source, viewed Day Month Year, <URL either full location details or just the main site details>. Example: Educating America for the 21st century: developing a strategic plan for educational leadership by Columbia University 1993-2000(initial workshop draft) 1994, draft workshop report, Institute for Learning technologies,Columbia University, viewed 16 May 1995, <http://ariel.adgrp.com/~ghb/trips/940717_ICT/policy/ILT/EdPlan.html>. Web document (no publication date) Author n.d., Title, version number (if applicable), description of document (if applicable), name and place of the sponsor of the source, viewed Day Month Year, <URL either full location or just main site details>. Example: Sherman, C n.d., The invisible web, Free Pint Limited, UK, viewed 27 November 2000, <http://www.freepint.co.uk/issues/080600.htm#feature>. Web site Author (the person or organisation responsible for the site) Year (that the site was created or last revised), name and place of the sponsor of the source, viewed Day Month Year,<URL>. Example: The Body Shop Australia 2003, The Body Shop Australia, Mulgrave, Victoria, viewed 31 January 2003, <http://www.thebodyshop.com.au/>. Online images Author (the person or organisation responsible, if available) Year, Title of image (or a description), description of document (if applicable), name and place of the sponsor of the source, viewed Day Month Year, <URL either full location details or just the main site details>. If there is no named author, put the image title first followed by the date. Title of image (or a description) Year, description of document (if applicable), name and place of the sponsor of the source, viewed Day Month Year, <URL either full location details or just the main site details>. Examples: The lunar interior 1999, PlanetScapes, US, viewed 31 January 2003, <http://www.planetscapes.com/solar/browse/moon/moonint.jpg>. Australia 2007, Country map, MapQuest, United Kingdom, viewed 11 March 2008, <http://www.mapquest.co.uk/mq/maps/mapAddress.do>. Lane, M & Cook, J 1775, A general chart of the island of Newfoundland, digital image of cartographic material, Wikimedia Commons, viewed 11 March 2008, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cooks_Karte_von_Neufundland.jpg>. AC Nielsen 2008, Consumer confidence, concerns, spending and attitudes to recession: a global Nielsen consumer report, digital image, AC Nielsen, viewed 21 August 2008, <http://au.acnielsen.com/site/documents/GlobalNielsenConsConfConcReportJune08b.pdf>. Electronic books Author Year (of creation or last revision), Title, edition/version (if applicable), name and place of the sponsor of the source (publisher, place), viewed Day Month Year,<URL either full location details or just the main site details>. McClain, M & Roth JD 1999, Schaum's quick guide to writing great essays , McGraw-Hill, New York, viewed 17 January 2005, Fitzgerald, FS 1920, This side of paradise, Scribner, New York, viewed 18 January 2005, <http://www.bartleby.com/115/>. Chapter in an electronic book. Author Year (of creation or last revision), 'Chapter title', in book editor(s) (ed.), Book title, name and place of the sponsor of the source (publisher, place), viewed Day Month Year, <URL either full location details or just the main site details>. Example: Gould, SJ 2000, 'More things in Heaven and Earth', in H Rose & S Rose (eds.), Alas, poor Darwin: arguments against evolutionary psychology , Harmony Books, New York, viewed 17 January 2005, <http://ezproxy.usq.edu.au/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/unisouthernqld/Doc?id=10015543>. Standards Standards Australia 2003, Installation of security screen doors and window grilles, AS 5040-2003, Standards Australia, Sydney, viewed 16 September 2008, <http://www.saiglobal.com/online/autologin.asp>. Other sourcesPersonal email In-text references to emails are dealt with in the same way as in-text references to other types of personal communication and in general, it is not necessary to provide further details. If there are occasions where readers will be keen to pursue the subject, the email address can be provided in the reference list. Please note: Email addresses should never be cited without the permission of the owner of the address. Sender's name followed by year of posting, email, Day and Month of posting, <email address>. Example: Davis, A 2002, email, 24 April, <davis@unitc.edu.au>. Lists, groups and bulletin boards Author <Author's details - usually an email address> Year of posting, 'Subject/title of posting', description of posting, discussion list Owner, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>. Wilson, D <wilsond@rocketscience.com.au> 2003, 'Using the Web to your advantage', discussion group, National Computer Network, viewed 28 January 2003, <NETTRAIN@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu>. Weblog Author (name or alias) Year of posting, Title of the site, format, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>. Norton, A 2008, Andrew Norton: observations from Carlton's lone classical Liberal, weblog, viewed 17 September 2008, <http://andrewnorton.info/>. Weblog post Include title and date of the posting. McGarry, A 2008, 'China's pain fires Olympic dream', Beijing blog, weblog post, 13 June, viewed 18 August 2008, <http://blogs.abc.net.au/olympics/>. Video Weblog post Simplecoat 2007, Inside one laptop per child: episode 02, online video, viewed 30 march 2008, <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXg3w_j6Nrc>. Wiki Title of Wiki Year (of article), 'Article title', format, Day Month (of article), viewed Day Month Year, <URL>. Quantitative Archaeology Wiki 2007, 'Contingency tables', wiki article, 26 March, viewed 17 September 2008, <http://wiki.iosa.it/dokuwiki/contingency_tables>. Podcasts Title of podcast Year, format, name and place of the sponsor of the source, Day Month (of podcast), viewed Day Month Year, <URL>. Pandi River expedition 2008, podcast, National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C., 15 August, viewed 19 September 2008, <http://www.nationalgeographic.com/podcasts/shorts.html>. For audio podcasts, use "accessed" rather than "viewed". Jane Hutcheon reflects on life in London 2008, podcast, ABC Radio National, 15 June, accessed 18 September 2008, <http://www.abc.net.au/correspondents/content/2008/s2274772.htm>. Databases Title, Producer, Vendor, frequency of updating. Example: AGRIS database, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, SilverPlatter (vendor), annual updating. USQ online materialsLecture notes Follow the requirements for Web documents previously outlined. Examples: Stevens, J 2004, ECO 2640 Applied econometrics: course notes, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, viewed 7 March 2004, <http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au>. JRN 2001 Lecture 4: copy editing 2006, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, viewed 22 May 2006, <http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au>. Austin, L 2004, ECE 1001: wk9.ppt, University of Southern Queensland , Toowoomba, viewed 6 April 2004, <http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au>. Course materials and readings Examples: Austin, L 2004, ECE 1001 Child studies I: introductory book, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, viewed 24 August 2004, <http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au>. When the author's name is unknown. ACC 5003 NIA advanced financial accounting: study book 2004, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, viewed 11 October 2004, <http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au>. For articles and chapters from books of readings, include both a reference to the original article and a reference to the book of readings. Kuebler, SA 2004, 'OSHA's enforcement strategy', Occupational Health & Safety, vol. 73, no. 12, pp. 12-3, in I Eddington (ed.), MGT 8015 Corporate occupational health and safety: selected readings, 2005, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, viewed 16 October 2005, <http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au>. Hancock, L 2002, 'Australian federalism, politics and health', in H Gardner & S Barraclough (eds.), Health policy in Australia, 2nd edn., Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, in I Eddington (ed.), MGT 8015 Corporate occupational health and safety: selected readings, 2005, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, viewed 20 August 2005, <http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au>. Additional readings on USQStudyDesk Examples: Arnold, T 2001, 'Achieving playtime positives', Journal of Early Childhood, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 117-121, viewed 13 July 2006, <http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au>. Tuczay, C 2005, ' Trance, prophets and diviners in the Middle Ages', in E Pocs (ed.), Communicating with the spirits: Christian demonology and popular mythology, Central European University Press, Budapest, viewed 13 July 2006, <http://usqstudydesk.usq.edu.au>. Readings held only in DiReCt Examples Adler, R 1993, 'Gender and language', in R Adler & N Towne (eds.), Looking out/looking in, 7th edn, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, Fort Worth, viewed 17 September 2008, <http://ereserveweb-prod.usq.edu.au/direct/logon.do>. Asef, MR 2008, 'Modelling the elements of country vulnerability to earthquake disasters', Disasters, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 480-498, viewed 17 September 2008, <http://ereserveweb-prod.usq.edu.au/direct/logon.do>. Digital Maps and Spatial Science Collection Example Department of Natural Resources and Water 2004, Declared catchments of dams 2004, Department of Natural Resources and Water, Queensland, viewed 18 September 2008, <http://ereserveweb-prod.usq.edu.au:8089/services/spatial.php>. USQ ePrints The preference is that the original be cited. See the section on Unpublished Theses in the Harvard Style - Print and Non-print Sources guide for more examples. Example: Wright, S 2004, 'Open area test site (OATS) development', undergraduate project, University of Southern Queeensland, Toowoomba. If the Web document needs to be cited, then it would look like - Wright, S 2004, Open area test site (OATS) development, undergraduate project, University of Southern Queeensland, Toowoomba, viewed 27 March 2007, <http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00000047>. How to cite references within the text of an assignmentThese are also called in-text references. When you use another’s ideas within the text of your assignment you should immediately acknowledge your sources. Follow the same order for citing online sources in text, as you do for citing printed sources, eg. surname of the author followed by the year of publication. Journal article To cite a journal within the text of an assignment, use only the name of the author(s), followed by the year of publication. Example: Griffith (1995) Web site To cite a Web site within the text of an assignment, use the name of the person or organisation responsible for the site (author) and the date of the site's creation or most recent update. Example: The Bodyshop (2003) Web addresses can be given directly in the text using angle brackets(< >) to isolate them from any sentence punctuation. Example: Details are available from the department's Web site <http://www.finance.gov.au>. Web document (author known) To cite a document from a Web site within the text of an assignment, editor or compiler and the date on which the document was created or last revised. Examples: Klintworth (2000) Example: Details are available from the Attorney-Generals Department <http://www.law.gov.au/aghome/legal/pol/cld/aia/part_1.htm>. Web document (no author) To cite a document from a Web site within the text of an assignment, where the author is unknown, give the title of the document followed by the date of creation or most recent revision. Example: Educating America for the 21st century: developing a strategic plan for educational leadership by Columbia University 1993-2000(initial workshop draft) (1994). Electronic books To cite an electronic book within the text of an assignment, follow the examples listed in the other guide (Harvard Style - Referencing print & non-print sources) for print books. Examples: According to Fitzgerald (1999) ... ... these conclusions have since been questioned (Sheridan, Smith & Brown 2001) Online images In text, cite author, year and page number (if available) - for example, AC Nielsen (2008) or (Adams 2006, p. 45). If there is no named author, use the image title or description (in italics) followed by the date. Figure captions should be directly under the image and then followed by an in-text citation. Figure 1: Consumer confidence, concerns, spending and attitudes to recession: a global Nielsen consumer report (AC Nielsen 2008) Figure 2: The lunar interior (1999) Table captions should be above the table. There must also be an in-text citation if reproducing or adapting data. Helpful Hints
Additional online guides to citing Internet and electronic sources using the Harvard Style (AGPS)Please note: Whilst these referencing guides are offered to assist you to learn how to reference, University policy mandates the use of the Harvard Style (AGPS) defined by the USQ Library's referencing guides. University of Tasmania Library 2007, Referencing using the author-date or Harvard system, online guide, University of Tasmania, viewed 16 May 2007, <http://www.utas.edu.au/library/assist/gpoa/gpoa2.html>. University of Melbourne Library 2005, Harvard (author/date) style, online guide, University of Melbourne, viewed 25 March 2008, <http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/cite/harvard_dis/>. Need additional help applying these guides?Ask a Librarian or refer to the Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, Wiley Australia. Call number 808.02 Sty. Copies held in the Main Collection and Reference (also held at Fraser Coast and Springfield campus). Please note: The Library is not responsible for checking lists of references. We can, however, refer you to our referencing guides and the published manuals listed to help you ensure the accuracy of your referencing. |