Year No. Offer Mode Description Cred. Pts 96 62219 S2 D CELL AND TISSUE BIOLOGY 1.00
62101
This unit will provide the student with first-hand experience in identifying the main cell types, tissues and organs of vertebrates. During the course of the unit the student will be studying the architecture of individual cells composing a tissue (cytology), the manner in which the individual cells and intercellular matrix are organised into tissues (histology) and the manner in which tissues are organised into functional units or organs (organology). Students will also gain hands-on experience with the techniques and instruments used in histology laboratories. They will receive instruction in the use and care of: microscopes, microtomes, tissue processors, microtomes knives and cryostats. The students will learn how to prepare slides, mainly tissue sections, for microscopic observation.
The main topics in this unit are: basic microscopy, review of cell ultra structure; basic cytology and cytological methods; blood and connective tissue proper; epithelial tissue; muscle and nervous tissue; fixation of tissues; processing tissue for sectioning (eg. the paraffin method);cutting paraffin sections; frozen sections (cryotomy); routine and special staining procedures for paraffin sections; preparation of permanent slides; basic histochemistry; study of the histology of the organs/structures sectioned; care and maintenance of the instruments used in histotechnology; safety aspects of histology laboratories.
On completion of this unit students will be able to:
Description Weighting(%)
- Basic microscopy (25%)
- Optical properties of specimens (eg. selective 4.00 absorption, reflection, refraction, fluorescence). Systems of microscopy (eg. bright and dark field, incident and transmitted, polarized, phase contrast, fluorescence and interference microscopy. Aberrations (chromatic, spherical, astigmatism, comma). Characteristics, care and applications of various oculars, objectives and condensers, including numerical aperature (NA), resolving power, working distance, parfocality, tube length. Light sources, especially Kohler illumination in various systems. Electronmicroscopy - transmission and scanning; specimen preparation.
- Histology and Histological Techniques (75%)
- Basic cytology, including exfoliative cytological 3.00 techniques; Cell ultra-structure. Blood and connective tissue proper, including blood smear preparations. Epithelial tissue. Muscular and nervous tissue. Overview of histological techniques. Preparing frozen sections (cryotomy). Processing tissue for sectioning (paraffin method)- fixations, dehydration, clearing and infiltration. Cutting paraffin sections with a rotary microtome. Staining paraffin sections using a variety of routine and special staining techniques. Effect of different fixatives on the quality and staining properties of paraffin sections. Fixation of tissues, including purposes, properties of different fixatives, and fixation images. Principles of biological staining: properties of dye molecules, classification of dyes, principles of haematoxylin staining, progressive and regressive technqiues, and attachment of dyes to tissues. Principles of histochemistry: classification of carbohydrates and mucosubstances, the Periodic acid-Schiff technique and Alcian blue method.
OR
Burkitt, H.G., & Daniels, Wheater's Functional Histology,
3rd edn, 1993.
Young A., Cell and Tissue Techniques, Theory and Practical Notes,
USQ (1990)
Bacon, R.L., and Niles, N.R., Medical Histology: A Text - Atlas
with Introductory Pathology, Sperger-Verlag (1983).
Boon, M.E., and Drijver, J.S., Routine Cytological Staining
Techniques Theoretical Background and Practice, Elsevier (1986).
Conn, H.J., Biological Stains, 9th Ed, Williams and Wilkins Co.
(1977).
Davenport, H.A., Histological and Histochemical Techniques, W B
Saunders, (1970).
Di Fiore, S.H., Atlas of Human Histology, 3rd Ed, Lea and
Febiger,(1967).
Geneser, F., Colour Atlas of Histology, Munksgaard, (1985).
Geneser, F., Textbook of Histology, Munksgaard Lea and Febiger,
(1986).
Gude, D., Cosgrove, G.E and Hirsch, G.P., Histological Atlas of
the Laboratory Mouse, Plenum Press, (1982).
Jones, R.M., Basic Microscopic Technics, University of Chicago
Press (1966).
Vacca, L.L., Laboratory Manual of Histology, Raven Press, (1985).
Weiss, L., Cell and Tissue Biology, A textbook of Histology,
6th Ed, Urban and Schwaszenberg, (1988).
ACTIVITY HOURS Lectures 28 Laboratory or Practical Classes 52 Private Study 85 Examinations 5
No *F/S Marks Due Description Wtg(%) LBL 1 S T.B.A. 2 WRIT. LAB REP (HISTOLOGY) 15.00 N 2 S END S2 2 HR PRAC EXAM (HISTOLOGY) 25.00 N 3 S END S2 3 HR EXAM (HISTOLOGY & MICROSCOPY) 60.00 N
Students must actively participate in at least
80% of practical classes.
A passing grade (50% or better) must be achieved in
both the theory and practical components before
an overall grade of C or better can be achieved
for the unit.
In accordance with University Policy and Guidelines,
i an Examiner may grant an extension of the due date of an
assignment in extenuating circumstances;
ii no assignments will be accepted for assessment purposes
after assignments or model solutions have been released
except in extenuating circumstances;
iii assignments submitted after the due date without any
extenuating circumstances will attract a penalty of at
most 10% of the assigned mark for each working day late;
iv students who submit an assignment after the due date and
wish to claim extenuating circumstances, must provide
documentary evidence with the assignment explaining the
circumstances;
v the unit examiner shall consider a claim for extenuating
circumstances and decide on the outcome;
vi the decision of the Dean shall be final in any dispute
that may arise in the implementation of these guidelines.