Pre-requisite: 74051
Co-requisite: E4006
The practice of surveying has been subjected to dramatic technological changes in the last twenty years; theodolites and steel bands have been replaced by one-man total stations and/or GPS receivers, log tables and simple adding machines by hand-held programmable calculators and/or computers and set squares and drafting tables by computer aided drafting, printers and plotters. All of this new equipment is designed to complete particular tasks. They all have limitations and most importantly of all they must all be calibrated so that the results or answers that they provide are correct. Surveyors must be aware of the limitations of the equipment that they use. They must know how to calibrate the equipment and understand how to utilise it in the most effective way.