Steel rails are fastened to sleepers (in this
case wooden sleepers) to provide a
smooth running surface and a constant
gauge (distance between the inside
running surfaces of the rails).

Provision must be made to transfer
rolling stock between tracks, and this is
achieved by a system of turnouts,
consisting of points (or switches) and
rail crossings known as 'frogs'.

For loading and unloading trains an area
of track is needed clear of main through
lines. Lines in these railway yards are
accessed by turnouts.

Rail passengers access rail vehicles at
designated stops or stations along the
track. The facilities available at stations
vary from basic access at low volume
centres, to ticketing, booking,
refreshments, etc. at major stops.