Steven R Raine
BAgrSc(Hons), MAgrSt, PhD, CPSS

Professor Steven Raine is Deputy Dean & Associate Dean (Academic) within the Faculty of Engineering and Surveying at the University of Southern Queensland in Toowoomba. He is also Professor of Irrigation and Soil Science and the Science Leader (Irrigation, Soils and Land Resources) within the National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture. Steven has a Doctorate of Philosophy (Soil Physics), Master of Agricultural Studies and a Bachelor of Agricultural Science (Hons) majoring in Land Resource Science from the University of Queensland. Steven was previously the Program Leader for “Future Irrigation – Practice and Technology” within the Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures and has worked as an irrigation specialist for Queensland Fruit and Vegetable Growers Limited, an irrigation research scientist with the Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations, and a land resource surveyor with the Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory.  He has undertaken irrigation research for the cotton, sugar, fruit and vegetable sectors, conducted soils and irrigation research for the coal seam gas and mining sectors, and provided government advice in relation to irrigation and water resource planning. He lectures undergraduate courses within the Faculty of Engineering and Surveying at USQ in Soil Science and has previously examined the courses Agricultural Science, and Land Studies.

Research Interests

Membership of Professional Societies

Current Projects

Completed Projects

Publications

Contact Details

Current research interests:

• Design and management practices to improve the efficiency and productivity of both surface and pressurised irrigation systems;
• Decision support systems for irrigation management;
• Salinity, sodicity, soil-water and solute movement under commercial practices;
• Factors influencing soil slaking and dispersion, and their subsequent effect on infiltration processes;
• Mechanisms affecting soil aggregate hierarchy and structural stability; and
• Natural resource management.

Steven also has a keen interest in fostering participatory action learning processes amongst irrigators as a method of ensuring the adoption of improved practices.

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Membership of Professional Societies

	· Australian Society of Soil Science Inc. 1987-present
	· Soil Science Society of America. 2003-present
	· British Society of Soil Science. 1993-present
	· Irrigation Australia Limited (formerly Irrigation Assocation of Australia). 1995-present
	· Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (Full member) 1995-present

Professional Awards:

• Chief Scientist’s Award, Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures Conference, Sydney, 2004
• ASSSI Conference Presentation Award (Best oral presentation) - National Soils Conference, Brisbane, 1998
• Sugar Research and Development Corporation Travel Grant 1995/6
• Australian Society of Soil Science (Qld) Postgraduate Research Award 1994
• CRC Soil and Land Management Travel Grant 1993
• Percy Skerman Award, Faculty of Agricultural Science, UQ 1987
• Rural Press Limited Natural Resource Management Literary Award 1987

Professional Positions Held:

• Co-chair, Organising Committee, 19^th World Congress of Soil Science, International Union of Soil Science, Brisbane, 2010.
• Associate Editor, Irrigation Science (2005-2010)
• Honorary Secretary, Federal Council, Australian Society of Soil Science Inc. 2005-2006
• Chair, Editorial Committee, 13^th International Soil Conservation Organisation Conference, July 2004
• Member, Organising Committee, 16th Triennial Conference, International Soil Tillage Research Organisation, July 2003
• Guest Editor, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture Volume 31. Special Issue: Advances in Soil Science. 2001
• Honorary Secretary, Federal Council, Australian Society of Soil Science Inc. 1999-2000
• Honorary Secretary, Australian Society of Soil Science Inc (Qld Branch), 1996-1999
• Chair, Awards Committee, Australian Society of Soil Science Inc (Qld Branch), 1997-1999
• Member, Awards Committee, Australian Society of Soil Science Inc (Qld Branch), 1996-1997
• Secretary, International Symposium of Sealing, Crusting and Hardsetting Soils, 7-11th Feb, 1994.

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Current Projects

2010-2011	Assessing the changes in permeability of soils due to feedlot effluent pond water application Funding: FSA Environmental Ltd
2008-2011	Soil and irrigation management options associated with using production water from coal seam gas extraction Funding: Santos Ltd

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Completed Projects

2008-2010	Driving better vegetable irrigation through profitable practice change (VG07023) Funding: Horticulture Australia Limited/Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries
2009-10	Threshold electrolyte concentration relationships for soils to establish water quality targets for production water from coal seam gas extraction Funding: QGC - A BG Company
2006-2009	Evaluating field scale variability of irrigation application systems Funding: Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures
2006-2009	South-east Queensland Irrigation Futures - Research and development support Funding: Queensland Department of Natural Resources & Water
2005-8	Optimising irrigation scheduling with the use of continuous ‘real time’ plant monitoring sensors [pdf of Final Report ppt – 2.2Mb] Funding: Cotton Research and Development Corporation
2007	Soil physical and chemical benefits associated with amending coal gas seam water with sulphur for irrigation purposes Funding: Queensland Gas Company
2007	Development of an infield irrigation performance reporting tool Funding: Queensland Department of Natural Resources & Water
2004-2006	Tools and techniques for improving the precision of irrigation Funding: Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures
2003-2006	Sureplay - Best management practices for sustainable and safe playing surfaces on Australian Football League sports fields. Funding: QAFL, Horticulture Australia, Queensland Department of Primary Industries
2006-7	“Monitoring of on-farm water use and irrigation storages using remote sensing and GIS” Funding: USQ
2004-2005	Development of measurement systems for mapping soil and turf properties on sporting fields Funding: NCEA, USQ
2003-2004	Identification and management of dispersive mine spoils Funding: Australian Centre for Mining Environmental Research
2003-2004	Evaluating the potential to impose partial rootzone drying (PRD) on high clay soils under commercial conditions Funding: CRC for Irrigation Futures
2003	Bundaberg Water Reuse Development – Agronomic assessment Funding: Bundaberg City Council & Psi-Delta
2000-2003	Technical Specialist services to the Queensland Fruit and Vegetable Growers Ltd “Water for Profit” irrigation extension and adoption program Funding: Department of Natural Resources and Mines - Rural Water Use Efficiency Initiative
2003	Development of an Irrigation Information Resources Interface for the Qld Sugar Industry RWUEI program Funding: Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations
2001	Scoping study of centre pivots and lateral move machines in the Australian cotton industry Funding: Cotton Research and Development Corporation
2000-2001	Scoping study of drip irrigation in the Australian cotton industry Funding: Cotton Research and Development Corporation
1999-2001	Mary River Catchment water use efficiency study.   Funding: Queensland Department of Natural Resources
1999-2000	Core Skills Training and Review of R,D & E for the Rural Water Use Efficiency Initiative Funding: Queensland Department of Natural Resources
1997-2001	Best management practices for maximising whole farm irrigation efficiency in the Australian cotton industry.  Funding: Cotton Research and Development Corporation
1999-2000	Audit of water and irrigation use efficiencies on farms within the Queensland dairy industry.  Funding: Queensland Dairy Organisation
1999-2000	Audit of water and irrigation use efficiencies on farms within the Queensland lucerne industry.  Funding: Department of Natural Resources and Mines
1999	Audit of water and irrigation use efficiencies on farms within the Queensland horticultural industry.  Funding: Queensland Fruit and Vegetable Growers
1997-2001	Optimisation of surface drainage design with demonstration and adoption in low lying canelands Funding: Sugar Research and Development Corporation
1996-2000	Quantifying the socio-economic impact of harvesting residue retention systems Funding: Sugar Research and Development Corporation & LWRRDC
1994-1997	Increasing the irrigation efficiency of the Australian sugar industry.  Funding: Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation
1993-1996	Increased productivity through better design and management of irrigated canefields. Funding: Sugar Research and Development Corporation
1996	Visiting Fellowship for Prof. Wynn Walker (Utah State Univ) to continue development of the surface irrigation model SIRMOD.  Funding: Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation
1995	Review of irrigation research in Hawaii, Utah and California. Funding: Sugar Research and Development Corporation

Publications

Gillies, M.H., Smith, R.J. and RAINE, S.R. (2011). Evaluating whole field irrigation performance using statistical inference of inter-furrow infiltration variation. Biosystems Engineering 110(2), 134-143 [doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2011.07.008]

McCarthy, A.C., Hancock, N.H. and RAINE, S.R. (2011). Real-time data requirements for model-based adaptive control of irrigation scheduling in cotton. Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering 8(2) in press

Akbar, G., McHugh A.D., RAINE, S.R., Hamilton, G. (2011). A preliminary evaluation of furrow inflow rate and cut-off time on the performance of raised bed farming systems. In 5^th World Congress of Conservation Agriculture incorporating 3^rd Farming Systems Design Conference, September, Brisbane. 3pp.

Hussain, A. and RAINE, S.R. (2011). A preliminary evaluation of in-season variations in sprinkler irrigation application patterns. Irrigation 2011 - New Horizons, Fresh Ideas, National Conference, Irrigation Australia Ltd, 22 – 25 August, Launceston.

RAINE, S.R. and Smith, R.J. (2011). Arriving at optimal water use through precision irrigation. In A Guide to Smart Farming (D.J. Bloomer and J. Powrie eds). LandWISE Incorporated, Napier, NZ. [ISBN 978-0-473-20374-0]

McCarthy, C.L., Hancock, N.H. and RAINE, S.R. (2010). Apparatus and infield evaluations of a prototype machine vision system for cotton plant internode length measurement. Journal of Cotton Science 14(4), 221-232.

McCarthy, C.L., Hancock, N.H. and RAINE, S.R. (2010). Applied machine vision of plants - a review with implications for field deployment in automated farming operations. Intelligent Service Robotics 3(4): 209- 17.

McCarthy, A.C., Hancock, N.H. and RAINE, S.R. (2010). VARIwise: a general-purpose adaptive control simulation framework for spatially and temporally varied irrigation at sub-field scale. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 70(1):117-128.

Akbar, G., Hamilton, G. and RAINE, S (2010). Permanent raised beds configurations and renovation methods affect crop performance. Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 19^th World Congress of Soil Science, 1-6 August, Brisbane. p 171-4.

Hussain, A. and RAINE, S.R (2010). Can electromagnetic induction be used to evaluate sprinkler irrigation uniformity for a shallow rooted crop? Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 19^th World Congress of Soil Science, 1-6 August, Brisbane. p 29-32.

McCarthy, A., Hancock, N. and RAINE, S. (2010). Holistic control system design for large mobile irrigation machines. M2VIP conference. 8pp.

McCarthy, A., Hancock, N. and RAINE, S. (2010). Simulation of adaptive site-specific irrigation control performance with spatially variable rainfall. National Conference, Irrigation Australia Ltd, 8-10th June, Sydney.

Koech, R. and RAINE, S. (2010). The effect of irrigation non-uniformity on carrot production. In Irrigation Australia Conference and Exhibition: One Water Many Futures, 8-10 June, Sydney.

Raine, S.R. (2010). Threshold electrolyte concentration relationships for Waddy Brae soils. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1003127/2, USQ, Toowoomba.

Smith, R.J., Baillie, J.N., McCarthy, A.C., RAINE, S.R., and Baillie, C.P. (2010). Review of Precision Irrigation Technologies. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1003017/1, USQ, Toowoomba.

McCarthy, C.L., Hancock, N.H. and RAINE, S.R. (2009). Automated internode length measurement of cotton plants under field conditions. Trans ASABE 52(6), 2093-2103.

Smith, R.J., RAINE, S.R., McCarthy, A.C. and Hancock, N.H (2009). Managing spatial and temporal variability in irrigated agriculture through adaptive control. Australian Journal of Multi-disciplinary Engineering 7(1), 79-90.

White, S.C. and RAINE, S.R. (2009). Physiological response of cotton to a root zone soil moisture gradient: Implications for Partial Rootzone Drying Irrigation. J. Cotton Science 13, 67-74.

de Almeida, B.G., da Silva, A.P., RAINE, S.R. and Figueiredo, G.C. (2009). Evaluation of automotive varnish as a coating for density measurements of soil clods. American Society of Soil Science Journal 73(2): 449-52.

Althaus, K.J., McKeering, L., McHugh, A.J. and RAINE, S.R. (2009). Effect of irrigation management on nitrate movement under a drip irrigated lettuce crop. CIGR International Symposium of the Australian Society for Engineering in Agriculture, 13-16^th September, Brisbane. 8pp.

Grabham, M.K. and Hornbuckle, J.W. and RAINE, S.R. and Smith, R.J. (2009). Bankless channel irrigation systems: irrigation performance assessment. In: Irrigation Australia 2009: Irrigation Association of Australia National Conference and Exhibition, 18-21 Oct 2009, Swan Hill, Victoria.

Hussain, A., RAINE, S.R. and Smith, R.J. (2009). The economics of sprinkler irrigation uniformity for lettuce production with variable rainfall. CIGR International Symposium of the Australian Society for Engineering in Agriculture, 13-16^th September, SEAg09-21. Brisbane. 8pp.

McCarthy, A.C., Hancock, N.H., and RAINE, S.R. (2009). Exploration of data requirements for adaptive control of irrigation scheduling. CIGR International Symposium of the Australian Society for Engineering in Agriculture, 13-16^th September, Paper SEAg09-44. Brisbane. 8pp.

RAINE, S.R. (2008). Scheduling technologies to improve irrigated water use efficiency… a focus on centre pivots and lateral moves. Proceedings of the Combinable Crops 2008 Field Day. pp27-31. Foundation for Arable Research, Lincoln, Canterbury, NZ.

Langat, P.K., Smith, R.J. and RAINE, S.R (2008). Estimating the furrow infiltration characteristic from a single advance point. Irrigation Science 26:367–374 [DOI: 10.1007/s00271-008-0102-7]

McCarthy, C., Hancock, N. and RAINE, S. (2008). On-the-go machine vision sensing of cotton plant geometric parameters: first results. In Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (J. Billingsley and R Bradbeer eds), Springer, New York. p305-12. (Originally presented at 13^th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice. 5-7^th December 2006, Toowoomba)

Gillies M.H., Smith, R.J. and RAINE, S.R. (2008). A review of Basin (Contour) Irrigation Systems II: Research needs for evaluation and design. Irrigation Matters 01-2/08, CRC Irrigation Futures, Toowoomba.

Gillies, M.H., Smith, R.J. and RAINE, S.R. (2008). Measurement and management of furrow irrigation at the field scale. National Conference, Irrigation Australia Limited. 20-22^nd May, Melbourne. 7pp.

Grabham, M.K., Hornbuckle, J.W., RAINE, S.R. and Smith, R.J. (2008). Observations from initial evaluation trials of bankless channel irrigation systems. National Conference, Irrigation Australia Limited. 20-22^nd May, Melbourne. 7pp.

Hussain, A., and RAINE, S.R. (2008). A preliminary evaluation of the potential to use electromagnetic induction to assess sprinkler irrigation performance in horticultural crops. In Proc. First Global Workshop on Digital Soil Sensing and Mapping, 5-8^th Feb, Sydney.

Hussain, A., RAINE, S.R. and Henderson, C.W. (2008). Preliminary evaluation of relationships between irrigation non-uniformity and crop responses in lettuce. National Conference, Irrigation Australia Limited. 20-22^nd May, Melbourne. 7pp.

Hussain, A., RAINE, S.R., Henderson, C.W and Jensen, T. (2008). Evaluation of a proximal vision data acquisition system for measuring spatial variability in lettuce growth. National Conference, Agronomy Society of Australia, 21-25^th Sept, Adelaide. 4pp.

McCarthy, A.C., Hancock, N.H. and RAINE, S.R. (2008). Towards evaluation of adaptive control systems for improved site-specific irrigation of cotton. National Conference, Irrigation Australia Limited. 20-22^nd May, Melbourne. 8pp.

McCarthy, A., Hancock, N. and RAINE, S. (2008). Development of a simulation framework for variable-rate irrigation of cotton. 14^th Australian Cotton Conference, 12-14^th August, Broadbeach. [poster]

McHugh, A.D., Boughton, B., Eberhard, J., McKeering, L.M., Robson A.R. and Raine, S.R. (2008). Evaluating the relationships between plant based measurements and remotely sensed data for irrigation scheduling of cotton. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1001574/8, USQ, Toowoomba.

RAINE, S. R. and Foley, J.P. (2008). Scheduling and other tactics to improve irrigated water use efficiency – a focus on centre pivots and lateral moves. Grains Update Meeting, 19 August, Dalby. GRDC, Sydney. 3pp.

RAINE, S.R., Wallace, S. and Curran, N. (2008). IPART – an irrigation performance evaluation and reporting tool for pressurised application systems. National Conference, Irrigation Australia Limited. 20-22^nd May, Melbourne. 7pp.

White, S.C. and RAINE, S.R. (2008) A grower guide to plant based sensing for irrigation scheduling. Publication 1001574/6. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, USQ, Toowoomba. 52pp.

White, S.C. and RAINE, S.R. (2008). Infield spatial variability of surface irrigated cotton yields. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1001574/9, USQ, Toowoomba.

RAINE, S.R., Meyer, W.S., Rassam, D.W. Hutson, J.L. and Cook, F.J. (2007). Soil-water and solute movement under precision irrigation – knowledge gaps for managing sustainable root zones. Irrigation Science 26:91-100.

Langat, P.K., RAINE, S.R. and Smith, R.J. (2007). Errors in predicting furrow irrigation performance using single measures of infiltration. Irrigation Science 25:339–349.

Gillies, M.H., Smith, R.J. and RAINE, S.R. (2007). Accounting for temporal inflow variation in the inverse solution for infiltration in surface irrigation. Irrigation Science 25: 87-97.

Smith, R.J. RAINE, S.R., McCarthy, A.C. and Hancock, N.H (2007). Managing spatial and temporal variability in irrigated agriculture through adaptive control. In Challenge Today, Technology Tomorrow. National Conference, Society Engineering in Agriculture, 23-26^th Sept, Adelaide. 12 pp.

McCarthy, C.L., Hancock, N.H. and RAINE, S.R. (2007). Automated machine vision sensing of plant structural parameters. In Biological Sensorics: Critical Technologies for Future Biosystems, 15-17 June, Minneapolis. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St Joseph.

McCarthy, C.L., Hancock, N.H., and RAINE, S.R. (2007). A preliminary field evaluation of an automated vision-based plant geometry measurement system. Fifth International Conference on Functional Structural Plant Models, 4-9^th November, Napier, New Zealand.

McHugh, A.D. Eberhard, J.K., Wigginton, D.W. and RAINE, S.R. (2007). Increasing the sustainability and efficiency of irrigated agriculture in the Dawson Valley Irrigation Area. Final Report to the Fitzroy Basin Association. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication, USQ, Toowoomba.

White, S.C. and RAINE, S.R. (2007). Field trial report (2006/07). Optimising irrigation scheduling with the use of continuous ‘real time’ plant monitoring sensors. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1001574/7/1, USQ, Toowoomba.

Gillies, M., Smith, R. and RAINE, S. (2006). Is it possible to extract infiltration rates for variable inflow furrow irrigation? National Conference, Irrigation Association of Australia. 9-11 May, Brisbane. p63-4.

Khatri, K.L., Smith, R.J. and RAINE, S.R. (2006). Real time control of surface irrigation: managing infiltration variations and enhancing furrow irrigation performance. National Conference, Irrigation Association of Australia. 9-11 May, Brisbane. p73-4.

Langat, P.K. and RAINE, S.R. (2006). Using simulation modelling to improve the design and management of furrow irrigation in small-holder plots. 10^th Southern and Eastern Africa Rainwater Network Conference, 4-6^th December, Mombasa, Kenya.

McCarthy, C., Hancock, N. and RAINE, S. (2006). On-the-go machine vision sensing of cotton plant geometric parameters: first results. 13^th Annual Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice. 5-7^th December, Toowoomba.

McCarthy, C.L., Hancock, N.H., and RAINE, S.R. (2006). A preliminary evaluation of machine vision sensing of cotton nodes for automated irrigation control. National Conference, Irrigation Association of Australia. 9-11 May, Brisbane. p81-2.

RAINE, S.R. (2006). The future of irrigation technologies and practices is here now. Key note address. National Conference, Irrigation Association of Australia. 9-11 May, Brisbane. p26-30.

Gibbings, P. and RAINE, S.R. (2005). Evaluation of a low cost hydrographic technique to measure on-farm water storage volumes. Agricultural Water Management 78, 209-21.

Smith, R.J., RAINE, S.R. and Minkovich, J. (2005). Irrigation application efficiency and deep drainage potential under surface irrigated cotton. Agricultural Water Management 71, 117-30.

Eberhard, J.K. and RAINE, S.R. (2005). Sustainable and safe playing surfaces for Australian Football League sports fields – Laboratory assessment of soil-water management and the effect of amendments on soil structural properties. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1000817/2. University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba.

Loch, R.J., Grant, C.D., McKenzie, D.C. and RAINE, S.R. (2005). Improving plants’ water use efficiency and potential impacts from soil structure change - Research investment opportunities. National Program for Sustainable Irrigation. LWA Product Code ER050939. Land and Water Australia. Canberra.

Misra, R.K, Fuentes, S., and RAINE, S.R. (2005). Recent developments and strategies in the use of plant indicators for irrigation scheduling. In Irrigation 2005: Restoring the Balance. Proc. Nat. Conf. Irrig. Assoc. Aust., 17th -19th May, Townsville. 3pp.

Misra, R, RAINE, S., Pezzaniti, D., Charlesworth, P. and Hancock, N. (2005). A scoping study on measuring and monitoring tools and technology for precision irrigation. Irrigation Matters Series No. 01/05. CRC for Irrigation Futures, Toowoomba

RAINE, S.R., Meyer, W.S., Rassam, D.W., Hutson, J.L. and Cook, F.J. (2005). Soil-water and salt movement associated with precision irrigation systems - Research investment opportunities. National Program for Sustainable Irrigation. LWA Product Code ER050938. Land and Water Australia. Canberra.

RAINE, S.R. and Durack, M.K. (2005). The future direction of on-farm irrigation technologies and practice research. Cotton Production Seminar, 17-18th August. Cotton Consultants Australia, Narrabri. 5pp.

RAINE, S.R., Purcell, J. and Schmidt, E. (2005). Improving whole farm and infield irrigation efficiencies using Irrimate^TM tools. In Irrigation 2005: Restoring the Balance. Proc. Nat. Conf. Irrig. Assoc. Aust., 17th -19th May, Townsville. 5pp. (Reprinted in International Water and Irrigation, 2006)

Apan, A.A, RAINE, S.R., Le Brocque, A. and Cockfield, G. (2004). Spatial prioritisation of revegetation sites for dryland salinity management: An analytical framework using GIS. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 47(6), 811-825.

Emdad, M.R., RAINE, S.R., Smith, R.J., and Fardad, H. (2004). Effect of water quality on soil structure and infiltration under furrow irrigation. Irrigation Science 23, 55-60.

Gibbings, P.D., and RAINE, S.R. (2004). Configuration of a GPS and a digital depth sounder for hydrographic measurements of on-farm water storages. Spatial Science (Queensland) 6, 33-6.

Dunn, M., Billingsley, J., RAINE, S. and A. Piper (2004). Using machine vision for objective evaluation of ground cover on sporting fields. Proc. 11th IEEE Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice, 30 Nov- 2 Dec, Macau.

Gibbings, P. and RAINE, S. (2004). How much water is in your dam? Australian Cottongrower 25(3), 24-5. [Reprinted in Irrigation Australia 19(3),48-9]

Howard, E.J. and RAINE, S.R. (2004). Assessing aggregate stability in sodic soils using low frequency mechanical energy. In Conserving Soil and Water for Society: Sharing Solutions, Proc. 13th International Soil Conservation Organisation Conference. 4-9th July, Brisbane. Paper 627. 4pp.

Raine, S.R. and J.K Eberhard (2004). Characterisation of soil profiles on four AFLQ Premier League sporting fields. Report to AFLQ Sureplay. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Technical Report No. 1000817/1, USQ, Toowoomba.

Vacher, C.A., Loch, R.J. and RAINE, S.R. (2004). Identification and management of dispersive mine spoils. Final Report. Australian Centre for Mining Environmental Research, Brisbane.

Vacher, C.A., RAINE, S.R. and R.J. Loch (2004). Strategies to reduce tunnelling on dispersive mine spoil materials. In Conserving Soil and Water for Society: Sharing Solutions, Proc. 13th International Soil Conservation Organisation Conference. 4-9th July, Brisbane. Paper 139. 6pp.

Vacher, C.A., RAINE, S.R. and R.J. Loch (2004). Testing procedures to characterise tunnelling risk on spoil materials. In Conserving Soil and Water for Society: Sharing Solutions, Proc. 13th International Soil Conservation Organisation Conference. 4-9th July, Brisbane. Paper 638. 4pp.

White, S.C., and RAINE, S.R. (2004). Identifying the potential to apply deficit irrigation strategies in cotton using large mobile irrigation machines. 4th International Crop Science Conference, 26th Sept – 1st Oct, Brisbane.

Vacher, C.A. Loch, R.J. and RAINE, S.R. (2003). The effect of polyacrylamide additions on the infiltration and erosion of disturbed lands. Australian Journal of Soil Research 41, 1509-20.

Apan, A.A, RAINE, S.R., Cockfield, G. and Le Brocque, A. (2003). Characterising land ownership patterns in a salt affected catchment: Key implications for revegetation. Spatial Science Conf. Sept, Canberra. 11pp.

RAINE, S.R. and Loch, R.J. (2003). What is a sodic soil? Identification and management options for construction sites and disturbed lands. In Roads, Structures and Soils in Rural Queensland. 29-30 July, Toowoomba. Queensland Department of Main Roads, Brisbane. 14pp.

Howard, E.J., Donnollan, T.E. and RAINE, S.R. (2003). Opportunities to utilise recycled water from the Millbank Wastewater treatment plant. Water re-use development – agronomic assessment. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1000912/1, USQ, Toowoomba.

RAINE, S.R. and Brier, A. (2003). Deep drainage losses from storages and channels. In “Where is the water and salt going and what is it doing?”, 19-20th November, Narrabri. Northern Murray Darling Basin Water Balance/Deep Drainage Group. CRDC, Narrabri. 2pp.

Raine, S.R. and Dalton P (2003). Final Report: An Investigation of In Field Irrigation Management Practices to Improve the Efficiency of Furrow Irrigated Cotton Production Systems. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1000006/1, NCEA, Toowoomba.

RAINE, S.R. and Smith, R.J. (2003). Performance evaluation and deep drainage risk assessment for surface irrigation. In “Where is the water and salt going and what is it doing?”, 19-20th November, Narrabri. Northern Murray Darling Basin Water Balance/Deep Drainage Group. CRDC, Narrabri. 4pp.

Apan, A.A., RAINE, S.R. and Paterson, M.S. (2002). Mapping and analysis of changes in the riparian landscape structure of the Lockyer Valley catchment, Queensland. Landscape and Urban Planning 59:43-57.

Basnet, B.B., Apan, A.A. and RAINE, S.R (2002). Geographic information system based manure application plan. Journal of Environmental Management 64: 99-113.

Barber, S.A. and RAINE, S.R. (2002). Using commercial distribution uniformity and yield data to improve irrigation management. International Water & Irrigation 22(4): 17-22.

Barber, S.A. and RAINE, S.R. (2002). A preliminary study of salinity and temperature effects on soil moisture capacitance probes. Proc. Nat. Conf. Irrig. Assoc. Aust., 21st -24th May, Sydney. p234-9.

Barber, S.A., RAINE, S.R. and Howard, E.J. (2002). Engineering empowers growers to improve irrigation management. Proc. Nat. Conf., Soc. Eng. in Agric., 26-29 Sept., Wagga Wagga. Paper No. 19. 9pp.

Foley, J.P. and RAINE, S.R. (2002). Overhead irrigation in the Australian cotton industry. The Australian Cottongrower 23(1):40-44.

Foley, J.F. and RAINE, S.R. (2002). Centre pivot and lateral move machines in the Australian cotton industry. Proc. Nat. Conf. Irrig. Assoc. Aust., 21st -24th May, Sydney. 11pp.

Foley, J.F. and RAINE, S.R. (2002). Centre pivot and lateral move machines in the Australian cotton industry. Irrigation Australia 17(2):16-8.

Hardie, M., Newell, G. and RAINE, S. (2002). Effect of sugarcane trash retention systems on furrow irrigation performance. Proc. Nat. Conf. Irrig. Assoc. Aust., 21st -24th May, Sydney. p311-20.

RAINE, S.R, Barber, S.A., and Howard, E.J. (2002). The development of a resources collection to support irrigation extension activities within a best management practice framework. Proc. Nat. Conf. Irrig. Assoc. Aust., 21st -24th May, Sydney. p284-9.

RAINE, S.R. and Foley, J.P. (2002). Comparing application systems for cotton irrigation - what are the pros and cons? Field to Fashion, 11th Australian Cotton Conference, 13-15th August, Australian Cotton Growers Research Association Inc. Brisbane. (Invited paper)

RAINE, S.R. and Foley, J.P. (2002). Comparing systems for cotton irrigation. The Australian Cottongrower 23(4): 30-35.

RAINE, S.R. (2002). Issues in irrigation management for the Queensland horticultural industry. Working towards best management practices. Self Assessment Workbook and Explanatory Notes. QFVG Ltd, Brisbane.

RAINE, S.R., Smith, R.J. and Foley, J. (2002). Increasing benchmarking and optimisation of surface irrigation performance in the Australian cotton industry. Discussion Paper. NCEA, Toowoomba. 8pp.

Wigginton, D. and RAINE, S.R. (2002). Measuring water use and irrigation system performance in the Mary River catchment. Proc. Nat. Conf., Soc. Eng. in Agric., 26-29 Sept., Wagga Wagga. Paper No. 18. 10pp.

Hancock, N.H. and RAINE, S.R. (2001). Editorial - Advances in Soil Science. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 31, 211-2.

Basnet, B.B., Apan, A.A. and RAINE, S.R (2001). Selecting sites suitable for animal waste application using a raster GIS. Environmental Management 28(4): 519-31.

Dalton, P., RAINE, S. and K. Broadfoot (2001). Best management practices for maximising whole farm irrigation efficiency in the Australian cotton industry. Final report for CRDC project NEC2C. NCEA Publication 179707/2, USQ, Toowoomba. 70pp.

Foley, J.P. and RAINE, S.R. (2001). Centre pivot and lateral move machines in the Australian cotton industry. NCEA Publication 1000176/1. USQ, Toowoomba. 39pp.

RAINE, S.R. and Foley, J.P. (2001). Application systems for cotton irrigation – are you asking the right questions and getting the answers right. In “Growing Opportunities”, National Conf. Irrigation Association Australia. 11-12 July, Toowoomba. 11pp.

Wigginton, D.W. and RAINE, S.R. (2001). Irrigation system performance on dairy farms in the Mary River Catchment, Queensland. In “Growing Opportunities”, National Conf. Irrigation Association Australia. 11-12 July, Toowoomba. 11pp.

Barber, S.A. and RAINE, S.R. (2001). Using commercial distribution uniformity and yield data to improve irrigation management. In “Growing Opportunities”, National Conf. Irrigation Association Australia. 11-12 July, Toowoomba. 9pp.

Wigginton, D.W. and RAINE, S.R. (2001). Measuring irrigation system performance in the Queensland dairy industry. NCEA Publication 179729/5. USQ, Toowoomba. 23pp.

RAINE, S.R. (2001). Introduction to Irrigation Systems. In “Irrigation Fundamentals: Training notes”, Irrigation Association of Australia and the National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, Toowoomba. 27pp.

RAINE, S.R. (2001). Soil Water and Irrigation. In “Irrigation Fundamentals: Training notes”, Irrigation Association of Australia and the National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, Toowoomba. 60pp.

RAINE, S.R., Foley, J.P. and Henkel, C. (2001). Drip irrigation: slick solution or water torture? Australian Cottongrower Nov-Dec, p76-80.

RAINE, S. R. (2000) Towards a fundamental understanding of soil aggregate breakdown under applied mechanical energies. Nat Soils Conf., ASSSI /NZSSS., Vol 2: p237-8. 4-8th Dec, Lincoln University, Lincoln.

RAINE. S.R., Foley, J.P, and Henkel, C.R. (2000). Drip irrigation in the Australian cotton industry: a scoping study. NCEA Publication 179757/1. USQ, Toowoomba. 63pp.

RAINE, S.R. (2000). Issues in farm design and water management for serious irrigators. Are you in the race? Rural Property Conference 2000, Australian Property Institute. 17-18th March, Toowoomba. 11pp.

Apan, A.A., RAINE, S.R. and Paterson, M.S. (2000). Image Analysis Techniques for Assessing Landscape Structural Change: A Case Study of the Lockyer Valley Catchment, Queensland. Proc. 10th Australasian Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Conf. 21-25 August, Adelaide. p438-55.

Apan, A.A., RAINE, S.R. and Paterson, M.S. (2000). Quantifying Landscape Fragmentation in the Lockyer Valley Catchment, Queensland: 1973–1997. Proc. AURISA Conf., 20-24 Nov. Coolum.

Basnet, B.B., Apan, A.A. and RAINE, S.R (2000). Selecting sites suitable for animal waste application using a vector GIS. Nat Conf. Soc Eng in Agric, April, Adelaide. p23-4.

Smith, R.J. and RAINE, S.R. (2000). A prescriptive future for precision and spatially varied irrigation? Nat. Conf. Irrigation Association of Australia, 22-25 May, Melbourne.

Wigginton, D.W. and RAINE, S.R. (2000). Water use efficiency and irrigation practices in the Mary River Catchment, Queensland. Nat. Conf. Irrigation Association of Australia, 22-25 May, Melbourne.

RAINE, S.R. (ed) (1999). Research, development and extension in irrigation and water use efficiency: a review for the Rural Water Use Efficiency Initiative. NCEA Publication 179743/2, USQ, Toowoomba. pp121.

McClymont, D.J., Smith, R.J. and RAINE, S.R. (1999) An integrated numerical model for the design and management of surface irrigation. Int. Conference on Multi-Objective Decision Support Systems, 1-6 August, Brisbane.

Wigginton, D.W., and RAINE, S.R. (1999). Irrigation and water use efficiency in the Mary River catchment: a scoping study. NCEA Publication 179729/2, USQ, Toowoomba. [Appendix]

Vacher, C.A., Loch, R.J. and RAINE, S.R. (1999) Use of polyacrylamide (PAM) to control erosion by overland flows: Results of a laboratory study carried out for Westralian Sands, Capel. NCEA Publication 179730/1, USQ, Toowoomba. 11pp.

RAINE, S.R., McClymont, D.J. and Smith R.J. (1998). The effect of variable infiltration on design and management guidelines for surface irrigation. Proc. ASSSI National Soils Conference, 27-29th April, Brisbane p311-7.

Howard, A., RAINE, S.R., and Titmarsh, G. (1998). The contribution of steam bank erosion to sediment loads in Gowrie Creek, Toowoomba. Proc. ASSSI National Soils Conference, 27-29th April, Brisbane p491-493.

RAINE, S.R. and Walker, W.R. (1998). Improving the efficiency of surface irrigation. Leading Edge 2, 37-9.

Shannon, E.L., Holden, J.R., and RAINE, S.R. (1998). Adoption of improved irrigation practices by canegrowers in Queensland, Australia. International Water and Irrigation Review 18(3), 36-40.

McClymont, D.J., Smith, R.J. and RAINE, S.R. (1998). An integrated numerical model for design and management of surface irrigation. International Conference on Engineering in Agriculture, 27-30 September, Perth. Paper 98/039.

Gupta, K.L., RAINE, S.R. and Smith, R.J. (1998). The use of simulation modeling for the design and management of drip irrigation. International Conference on Engineering in Agriculture, 27-30 September, Perth. Paper 98/026.

RAINE, S. R. (1998) Towards a fundamental understanding of soil aggregate breakdown under applied mechanical energies. International Conference on Engineering in Agriculture, 27-30 September, Perth. Paper 98/010.

RAINE, S. R. and Allen, R.A. (1998) The effect of multiple polyacrylamide application and pre-wetting exposure period on infiltration and erosion from disturbed lands. International Conference on Engineering in Agriculture, 27-30 September, Perth. Paper 98/027.

RAINE, S.R. (1998). Irrigation and Water Use Efficiency. In “Principles, processes, participation and people”, AWWA Workshop, 2-4 September, Gympie.

RAINE, S.R. (1998). Best management practices to maximise irrigation efficiency. The Australian Cottongrower 19(3), 48-52.

RAINE, S.R. and Walker, W.R. (1998). A decision support tool for the design, management and evaluation of surface irrigation systems. Proc. National Conference, Irrigation Association of Australia, 19-21 May, Brisbane. p117-23.

RAINE, S.R. and So, H.B. (1997). An investigation of the relationships between dispersion, power and mechanical energy using the end-over-end shaking and ultrasonic methods of aggregate stability assessment. Australian J. Soil Research 35, 41-53.

So, H.B, Cook, G.D., and RAINE, S.R. (1997). An examination of the end-over-end shaking technique for measuring soil dispersion. Australian J. Soil Research 35, 31-9.

RAINE, S.R., McClymont, D.J., and Smith, R.J. (1997). The development of guidelines for surface irrigation in areas with variable infiltration. Proc. Aust. Soc. Sugar Cane Technologists 19, 293-301.

Bakker, D.M., RAINE, S.R., and Robertson, M.J. (1997). A preliminary investigation of alternate furrow irrigation for sugar cane production. Proc. Aust. Soc. Sugar Cane Technologists 19, 302-309.

So, H.B., Yatapanage, K., and RAINE, S.R. (1997). Measuring the energies of aggregate bonding in soils. Bibliotheca Fragmenta Agronomica, Proc. 14th ISTRO Conference, 27 July-1 August. Pulawy, Poland. p583-7.

Smith, R.J., RAINE, S.R. and McClymont, D.J. (1997). Design for improved efficiency of surface irrigation applications: A best management practice. Water Resources Management Conference, 5-7th September, Hervey Bay. Australian Water and Wastewater Association (Qld Branch).

RAINE, S.R., Bakker, D.M., and Robertson, M.J. (1997). Alternate furrow irrigation improves water use efficiency. Australian Sugarcane 1(4): 6-7.

RAINE, S.R. and D.M. Bakker. (1996) Increased furrow irrigation efficiency through better design and management of canefields. Aust. Soc. Sugar Cane Technologists, 30 April-3rd May, Mackay, p119-124.

McDougall, A.J., RAINE, S.R. and Bakker, D.M. (1996). Neutron moisture meter calibration equations for soil water assessment in the sugar industry. Aust. Soc. Sugar Cane Technologists, 30 April-3rd May, Mackay, p125-130.

Shannon, E.L. and RAINE, S.R. (1996). Improving the irrigation efficiency of Burdekin Canegrowers. Eighth Australian Agronomy Conference, 30 January-2nd February, Toowoomba. pp502-5.

RAINE, S.R. and Smith, R.J. (1996) Improving the efficiency of surface irrigation: the view from USQ. CRDC Irrigation Water Use Efficiency Workshop, 29 November, Goondiwindi.

RAINE, S.R. and Shannon, E.L. (1996). Improving the efficiency and profitability of furrow irrigation for sugarcane production. In “Sugarcane: Research Towards Efficient and Sustainable Production p211-2 (Eds JR Wilson, DM Hogarth, JA Campbell and AL Garside), CSIRO Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures, Brisbane.

Shannon, E.L., J.R. Holden and RAINE, S.R. (1996). Adoption of improved irrigation practices by Burdekin canegrowers. In Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Scheduling: Proc. Int. Conf. p214-9, (Eds C.R. Camp, E.J. Sadler, and R.E. Yoder), ASAE, San Antonio, Texas.

RAINE, S.R. and Shannon, E.L. (1996). Increasing the irrigation efficiency of Burdekin canegrowers through participatory action learning. Proc. 13th Conference, Irrigation Association of Australia, 14-16th May, Adelaide. pp5.

McClymont, D., RAINE, S.R. and Smith, R.J. (1996). The prediction of furrow irrigation performance using the surface irrigation model SIRMOD. Proc. 13th Conference, Irrigation Association of Australia, 14-16th May, Adelaide. pp10.

RAINE, S.R., Ham, G.J. and Shannon, E.L. (1996). Soil management practices to improve the efficiency of surface irrigation in the Burdekin. Proc. ASSSI & NZSSS National Soils Conference, 1-4 July, Melbourne, p 219-20.

So, H.B., RAINE, S.R. and Yatapanage, K. (1996). Soil dispersion: Quantifying the bonding energies of soil aggregates. Proc. ASSSI & NZSSS National Soils Conference, 1-4 July 1996, Melbourne, p263-4.

DeJersey, S.J., Loch, R.J. and RAINE, S.R. (1996). The effect of polyacrylamide on the infiltration properties and stabilisation of topsoil from Goonyella mine. Conf. on Engineering in Agric. and Food Proc. 24-27 November. Gatton, Qld.

RAINE, S.R. and So, H.B. (1995). The effects of energy application on the dispersion of sodic Vertisols. In ‘Australian Sodic Soils: Distribution, Properties and Management (Eds R. Naidu, M.E. Sumner and P. Rengasamy) pp. 121-6. (CRCSLM/CSIRO, Melbourne)

RAINE, S.R. and So, H.B. (1995). The energies of soil dispersion under rainfall. In ‘Sealing, Crusting and Hardsetting Soils: Productivity and Conservation’ (Eds H.B. So, G.D. Smith, S.R. Raine, B.M. Schafer and R.J. Loch) pp 93-8. (ASSSI, Brisbane)

RAINE, S.R. (1995). Discharge relationships for small cutthroat flumes. BSES Technical Report TE95004, Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations, Brisbane.

RAINE, S.R. and Bakker, D.M. (1995). Calibration equations for soil moisture measurement using the neutron moisture meter. BSES Technical Report TE95006, Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations, Brisbane.

Shannon, E.L. and RAINE, S.R. (1995). Cane growers strive to get best results with available water. Australian Canegrower 17(6), 20-1.

Shannon, E.L. and RAINE, S.R. (1995). Irrigation - A statewide perspective. BSES Information Meeting, Mackay. BSES Publication 746, 18-20.

Shannon, E.L. and RAINE, S.R. (1995). What benefit is irrigation in the Sarina region? BSES Information Meeting, Sarina. BSES Publication 747, 19-23.

RAINE, S.R. (1995). Efficient furrow irrigation - a high priority. BSES Bulletin 50, 6-7.

RAINE, S.R. (1995). Checking the pump or channel capacity of furrow irrigation systems - how to do it simply. BSES Bulletin 50, 18-9.

RAINE, S.R. and So, H.B. (1994). Ultrasonic dispersion of soil in water: the effect of suspension properties on energy dissipation and soil dispersion. Australian J. Soil Research 32, 1157-74.

RAINE, S.R. and So, H.B. (1993). An energy based parameter for the assessment of aggregate bond energy. J. Soil Science 44, 249-259.

RAINE, S.R. (1990). Topsoil survey of the pre-strip areas of the Moura mine. BHP-UTAH Consultant Report, Brisbane.

RAINE, S.R. (1990). Topsoil survey of the pre-strip areas of the Peak Downs mine. BHP-UTAH Consultant Report, Brisbane.

RAINE, S.R. (1989). Land units of an area of Coolibah Station, Victoria River District, Northern Territory. Technical Memorandum 89/11, Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, Palmerston.

RAINE, S.R. (1989). Land units of an area of Delamere and Innesvale Stations, Victoria River District, Northern Territory. Technical Memorandum 89/12, Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, Palmerston.

RAINE, S.R. (1989). Application of digital satellite imagery to erosion mapping in the Victoria River District, Northern Territory. Internal Report. Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, Palmerston.

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Contact Details:

Dr Steven R Raine

Professor (Irrigation and Soil Science)

National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture

Faculty of Engineering and Surveying

University of Southern Queensland

Toowoomba QLD 4350

Australia

Telephone: +61 7 4631 1691

Facsimile: +61 7 4631 2526

Research Interests

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Updated: 15 December 2011